Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an increasingly pervasive technology that is transforming economies and societies around the world. However, the geographical concentration of AI technology has the potential to stir up international competitiveness and deepen divides both within and between countries. This article delves into the geopolitical implications of AI, particularly its impact on global competition, the knowledge gap, and political polarisation.
Global Economic Impact of AI
According to estimates, North America and China are expected to be home to 70% of the global economic impact of AI, with the remaining share going to developed countries in Europe and Asia. This creates the potential for a competitive race between countries for AI dominance and could widen the knowledge gap between the technological haves and have-nots.
Moreover, the competition for AI is not just limited to talent and computing infrastructure, but also access to and control of data. Early movers in AI who gain global influence through their ability to flow data across borders may have a significant advantage over other regions. This raises the concern that countries outside of the early movers may never catch up, leading to further inequality and disparities.
Role of AI in Political Polarisation
Another geopolitical concern related to AI is the role it can play, both intentionally and unintentionally, in exacerbating political divisions and polarising societies. Social media platforms play a significant role in polarisation, and AI-driven recommendation algorithms contribute to influencing and manipulation. For example, social media users can be trapped in content bubbles that match their own worldview, limiting access to other perspectives and possibly hardening misperceptions. These systems can actively push users towards more and more extreme content.
One of the most glaring examples of AI-driven polarisation is YouTube’s recommendation algorithm. The video streaming service has faced considerable criticism for nudging users towards extremist political views and conspiracy theories based on their browsing behaviour. This type of content can be highly divisive and has the potential to contribute to increased political polarisation, leading to negative outcomes for democracy and societal cohesion.
The Dark Side of AI: Deep Fake Videos and Audio
AI is also increasingly being used intentionally to manipulate and polarise viewpoints. One example of this is the creation of “deep fake” video and audio content designed to deceive the public and denigrate public figures. Experts have warned that the ability to fake large-scale historical events could one day irreparably damage the public’s trust in what it sees.
Conclusion
AI is a game-changing technology with the potential to transform societies and economies around the world. However, its impact on geopolitics must not be overlooked. The concentration of AI in certain regions and countries could lead to increased competition and a widening knowledge gap, while the role of AI in political polarisation could have negative consequences for democracy and societal cohesion. To mitigate these risks, policymakers and businesses must work together to ensure that AI is developed and deployed in a responsible and ethical manner.
